Effects Of Depression On Athletes And Depression - 1286 Words

On average, today one in ten Americans over the age of 12 takes some sort of antidepressant (Campbell, 2014, p. 572.) The numbers and statistics on depression are astonishing. Throughout my education at temple I have briefly touched on the subject of athletes and depression, respectively. To further expand my knowledge on this topic I looked at multiple areas dealing with the correlation of exercise and depression, as well as, the effect depression has on athletes. These areas included topics such as: depression, the relationship between depression and exercise, struggles of athletes, depression found in athletes, and the idea of athletes overcoming depression. My main focus was to find the struggles that athlete s face that could potentially lead them to develop depression. There are close to half a million-college athletes playing across the country (â€Å"Student-Athletes†, (n.d.) and there are roughly 16 million adults diagnosed with depression (â€Å"Depression.† ( n.d.) Depression is a mental illness that affects more than society shows. Society has this â€Å"don t ask, don t tell† policy on depression. Depression, which is viewed as a weakness, something that many people say, â€Å"you can just get over.† However, just like any serious illness, depression, could be life threatening and takes time to overcome. The American Psychiatric Association characterizes depression as a â€Å"serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.† (â€Å"What IsShow MoreRelatedConcussions in Football Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesCONCUSSIONS IN FOOTBALL 1 Effects of Concussions in Football CONCUSSIONS IN FOOTBALL 2 Football has become the most popular sport in America. Boys start playing at the age of 6 and, if they turn pro, could play into their 30’s or even 40’s. Some people will say, â€Å"They know what they’re signing up for† or â€Å"The players choose to play the game†. Just because they may choose to play the game, does that mean that they don’t deserve the very best protectionRead MoreSports Injuries : Is It Worth The Hit?982 Words   |  4 PagesAthletes everywhere suffer from some kind of injury at some point of their athletic career. There are a variety of injuries and they can range from minor to severe. In many circumstances the recovering process can take a toll on the body. In severe cases, usually those pertaining to the head, the results from such injuries can be not only physically but psychologically. The 2 main injuries that will be covered throughout this paper will touch the surface of a few problems an athlete can endureRe ad MoreThe Effects Of Concussions On The Brain1164 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen identified. The effects of concussions have also been seen in the functioning of the brain rather than in the structure of the brain itself. Being identified as mild traumatic brain injuries, occurring due to a bump or jolt to head or neck, concussions can result in both short-term and long-term effects. Although most individuals are able to recover from these head injuries, a small but relevant portion of individuals have been found to suffer from chronic long-term effects including early onsetsRead MoreHealth And Performance Effects Of Alcohol Use By Intercollegiate / Varsity Athletes1232 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the health and performance effects of alcohol use by intercollegiate / Varsity athletes? Alcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug globally and its consumption, often in large volume, is deeply embedded in many aspects of Western society . It is used by members of all societies in countries around the world, either consumed moderately or in excess. 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Is an athlete truly just trying to enhance his or her performance to make it to the next level, or is there a deeper meaning, a problem with body image and how the public views these athletes, or a combinationRead MoreDeath Is The Worst Outcome At The Age Of 211372 Words   |  6 Pageshealth problems such as low blood pressure, kidney problems, seizures, and even death. With 40% of combat sports athletes experiencing serious dehydration when they cut weight, it is not surprising that there have been serious injuries and deaths associated with the weight cutting process. Weight cutting not only affects the athlete during the process, but it can have long-term effects on an athlete’s health. Cutting weight is linked to women having lower estrogen levels, which affects long-termRead MoreSteroids Should Not Be Banned1316 Words   |  6 Pagesand a lot of people these days spend more time trying to cheat than making the effort to stay steady at the gym and achieve perfection correctly. Effects on steroids come with the good and bad just like everything that is added to the body. When athlete’s get caught use these types of drugs there are some very heavy penalties that can cause an athlete the entire season and if a player misses a season in any sports that experience lost as well as a career tainted by a cheating scandal. â€Å"David HowmanRead MorePlaying A Traumatic Brain Injury Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesconcussions is vitally important to ensure the safety of athletes in the future. In today’s society, football is worshiped and the risks taken by the players are seen as signs of strength. Athletes risk their bodies hoping to win the game; however, it is not the gratification of winning a game that some players go home with. Off the field, some football players experience headaches, lack of concentration, memory loss and even depression. These are all symptoms causes by a concussion. In the eyes

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Research Paper Writing Service Wiseessays

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Relationship Between Organizational Culture -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relationship Between Organizational Culture? Answer: Introduction Leadership and management are very important within the context of an organization. It forms the backbone or the building block of an organization. The leadership style is reflected within the culture of san organization. A good and positive leadership is extremely important in keeping the employees motivated as well as enhance the productivity of the organization. The leadership styles adopted often varies with respect to individual organizations and further governs the success of the organization. There are many approaches to a leadership model which is defined by the core principles adopted by a leadership model. Some of the chosen core principles for the present assignment are ethics, teamwork and leadership theory based on which the leadership model suitable for the current organization have been developed. Additionally, the issues faced within the implication of the current leadership models have been analysed over here in order to address the specific issues or challenge. Analysing the current leadership model One of the main issues which are faced with respect to the implementation of my current organizational leadership model is low employee engagement. Presently, the Andrews Airport parking has been facing a large number of employee turnovers which had been affecting the survival of the company within the global aviation industry (andrewsairportpark.com 2017). I personally feel that the lack of employee engagement could be accounted to the lack of affective working relationships within the organization. In my opinion, the disengagement of the employees could be attributed to lack of effective leadership styles and approaches. In this respect the personality traits of a leader further governs the kinds of approaches selected by him. A least engaged and callous leader is mostly focused upon getting the work done rather than reflecting upon the means of doing it. According to me this kind of leadership approach is effective in brining a rapid change within the organization. However, as argued by Higgs and Dulewicz (2016), micro changes are needful for a macro transformation. Therefore, proceeding upon the organizational changes gradually could be more practical than focussing upon the end result (Mendenhall et al. 2017). Traits, skills and tasks of an effective leader A number of traits are required for an effective leadership within an organization which areteam building, decisiveness, implementing change leadership. In my opinion, organizational conflicts and authoritarian approaches are some of the factors which hinder the success of an organization by taking away sufficient freedom from the employees. Some of the recent issues which had affected the organizational culture of the Andrews Airport Parking are overworked staffs, less pay, organizational disputes (andrewsairportpark.com 2017). The leaders were ineffective in managing the teams properly as well as lacked required decision making skills. As commented by Rauter et al. (2017), the lack of effective systems and technologies hindered drafting of an affective financial report. This further affected the competing of the organization within the global market. As argued by Higgs and Dulewicz (2016), using systems such as Q-CAT can help in making important organizational decisions. However, t he organization lacked sufficiently skilled management who lacked expertise in the similar areas. Additionally, some of our management staffs were fresh new recruits who had no prior experience in handling and management of similar organizational disputes. Core values of leadership model (refer to appendix) The leadership model is guided by a number of core values such as respect, integrity, authenticity courage, service, humility and wisdom. One of the core principles of the leadership approach used by me over here would be respect. The value of respect emphasises upon treating others with dignity, empathy and compassion. The implementation of respect as the core value of the model also means one needs to learn the skills for earning the respect of others within an organization (Birdand Mendenhall 2016). Therefore, the core value could be expanded into the development of a personal leadership model. Some of the main aspects of leadership which would be taken into consideration by me over here are treating others with dignity, compassion and empathy as well as earning the good will of fellow co-workers. Expected culture of the organisation If the model of organisational leadership is applied to Andrews Airport parking then the main cultural change that will get reflected in the organisation is motivated team which excels in strategic communication, effective listening and high team involvement (Wrigley and Bucolo 2012). An organisational leadership model will lead to a huge transformation in the culture of the organisation which supports shared values, belief and perceptions held by the employees. Because the culture of the organisation reflects behavioural norms that are used by the staffs of the organisation in order to give meaning to the situations that they experienced, it can influence the behaviour and attitudes of the staffs (Tsai 2011). Andrews Airport Parking if leaders on the shoulders of the organisational leadership model, will understand the core values of the organisation that will help in the prevention of the internal conflict and thereby reducing employee turnover. Organisational leadership model also supports functionalist perspective thereby providing an impressive evidence of the role of the culture in the organisation towards improving the overall performance of the employees (Tsai 2011). The cultural of the organisation will be more ethical where the leaders are nimble in balancing truth and loyalty along with short term and long term justice and mercy. Such ethical implications will be strictly impartial and the leaders with make use of the ethical approach to look for the hidden alterative in certain situations which are ethically questionable (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Effective communication will also take centre stage which will give preference to values, assumptions, belief and expectation (VABEs). Effective communication in turn will focus on the areas of agreement while effectively listening to the messages of other. As per my understanding, this approach of effective listening will reduce the rate of difference among the employees and thereby promoting more team performance via negating disputes (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Organisational Leadership Seeking to Achieve The model of organisational leadership, as proposed by me as a medium to attain success to Andrews Airport Parking will main seek to achieve three different wings of leadership model. First it will take efforts in understanding the leadership type where the leaders will have positive and ambitious future direction wrapped with clear vision of code of ethics. Next domain that will be excavated will be display of proper leadership in proper domains of the organisation. Here the leadership forces will have a strong commitment towards the well-being and morale of workforce of all level of the organisation. Moreover, it will also preach innovation within the existing work culture (Lee 2011). Lastly, the organisational leadership style will also promote towards the development of effective leadership. Here the forces will have strong ethos towards the personal development while taking accountability for their own work and helping others in emergency situation. Moreover, such leadership sty les will also promote effective program I indentifying evolving talent in the group and thereby providing appreciation to the team mates and increasing the level of employee motivation and job satisfaction. The leadership forces will also move from a target-driven culture towards qualitative model that allows the staffs to use their own discretion on drawing on an evidence base of what works and what not (Lee 2011). Benefits of using leadership model and comparison with existing leadership models There are a number of benefits of using the particular leadership model within the organization such as dissolvent of the internal conflicts along with settlement of the productivity gaps. This form of leadership model is guided by an ethical culture. It consists of a number of informal and formal systems which works together to establish an ethical conduct within the organization. It is further supported by one of the oldest theories of common good, which states that the good of an individual is inseparable from the good of the organization within which the employee works (Rosemann et al. 2014). The leadership model used over here is different from the one currently operated within the Andrews airport parking which follows a stringent set of rules and organisational principles rather than giving the employees the flexibility to work and learn as per their requirement. The goal is move towards a more situational and flexible model. Application of leadership model As a part of the management committee I need to hold sufficient respect and empathy for my staff. My goal would be to understand the personal growth targets of my staff and help them in achieving the same. Therefore, I should not force them to simply satisfy the organizational targets. As commented by Purcell (2014), overworked staff is often the most disengaged staffs and leads to massive organizational turnover. Additionally, another sole concern of the leadership mode used by me would be to earn the good will of the employees working for my organization (Bedarkar and Pandita 2014). This would help me in reducing the massive turnover rates. Some of the programmes implemented by me in this regard would be to train the employees in using the recent technologies as frequently as possible. As commented by Goleman (2017), employee motivation through timely appraisals is another way to motivate the staff. Conclusion In this respect, adopting a situational leadership style would help me in adapting to requirements of the organization gradually. Additionally, adaptation of the model would give more flexibility to the staff for learning and development of their personal skills. In addition, conducting random internal audits can also help in understanding the gaps within the organizational process. The ethical leadership style adopted over here was to emphasise upon the common good of the employees which also takes into consideration their personal growths rather than simply achieving organizational targets References andrewsairportpark.com (2017), andrewsairportpark.com , available at : https://www.andrewsairportpark.com.au/About-Us [Accessed on 26 Jan 2018] Bedarkar, M. and Pandita, D., 2014. A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,133, pp.106-115. Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M.E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.115-126. Goleman, D., 2017.Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press, pp. 591-752. Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. InLeading with Emotional Intelligence(pp. 75-103). Cham :Palgrave Macmillan. Lee, G., 2017.Leadership coaching: From personal insight to organisational performance. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Mendenhall, M.E., Osland, J., Bird, A., Oddou, G.R., Stevens, M.J., Maznevski, M.L. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2017.Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 156-225. Purcell, J., 2014. Disengaging from engagement.Human Resource Management Journal,24(3), pp.241-254. Rauter, R., Jonker, J. and Baumgartner, R.J., 2017. Going one's own way: drivers in developing business models for sustainability.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.144-154. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Berlin :Springer, pp. 225-264. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J., 2014. Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), p.165. New Jersey:Taylor Francis, pp. 115-198. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. London: Pearson, pp. 125-231. Tsai, Y., 2011. Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction.BMC health services research,11(1), p.98. Wirtz, B.W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S. and Gttel, V., 2016. Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), pp.36-54. Wrigley, C. and Bucolo, S., 2012. New organisational leadership capabilities: transitional engineer the new designer?. InLeading Innovation through Design: Proceedings of the DMI 2012 International Research Conference(pp. 913-922). DMI.

Leprosy Is A Chronic Bacterial Disease Of The Skin, Nerves In The Hand

Leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease of the skin, nerves in the hands and feet and, in some cases, the lining of the nose. Leprosy is a rare disease in the United States. Anyone can get leprosy, but children seem to be more susceptible than adults. It is not clear how the leprosy germ is spread, but household and prolonged close contact is important. The germs probably enter the body through the nose and possibly through broken skin. The germs get in the air through nasal discharge of untreated lepromatous patients. Tuberculoid leprosy symptoms are a few well-defined skin lesions that are numb. Lepromatous leprosy symptoms are a chronically stuffy nose and many skin lesions and nodules on both sides of the body. It usually takes about four years for tuberculoid leprosy symptoms to appear and about eight years for lepromatous leprosy symptoms to appear. In most cases, a person will not infect others after about three months of starting treatment. There are two medicines that have to be taken once a month for at least two years for patients with lepromatous leprosy. For tuberculoid leprosy, two medicines should be taken once a month for six months. The best way to prevent the spread of leprosy is the early diagnosis and treatment of people who are infected. For household contacts, immediate and annual examination for at least five years after last contact with a person who is infectious, is recommended Here is more about the bacteria and how it came to. It is a bacterial disease.The causative agent is the Mycobacterium leprae known also as Hansen's bacterum, and it is an alcohol-acid, intracellular rod, about 5 m long, and is indistinguishable from other mycobacteria: for example, mycobacterium tubercolosis. It can be stained with the basic fucsin Ziehl-Nielsen method; when it is alive, it is stained in an uniform way, otherwise it appears irregular and fraigmented. The dead bacterium remains in the human body for many years.

The first day

The first day Free Online Research Papers There I am lying in my bed, my body in tangled in the blankets. As I turn my head I slowly open my eyes to see what time it is on the clock. The number reads 6:45a.m. I think to myself â€Å"O no I am going to be so late!† I roll out of bed thinking that I had laid my clothes out the night before, as I look around that thought slowly leaves my head. I hear people downstairs, so I yell out â€Å"Mom have you seen where I put my clothes, I am running late!† My mom replies,† No honey, but come get some breakfast when you get done.† In the meantime, here I am it now even later in time than before and I still can’t find my clothes. O wait, what is this underneath this big pile of clothes? Ah ha, finally I have found my clothes, not just any clothes, and the perfect outfit for the first day of my freshman year. Being the first day of school meant a few things for me; one thing was that I was starting a brand new school with new people, today was the day for tryouts for the volleyball team. I was very excited. As I finally am dressed I run downstairs to see what my mother has made for breakfast. It smelled so good. As I approach the table I see eggs, bacon, toast, and pancakes, all my favorite. I look at the clock it now reads 7:40a.m. and, well see my school start at 8:00a.m. As a freshman I definitely did not want to be late for the first day of class, how would that look? I holler out to my mom;† Breakfast looks great mom, but I have no time to eat, I have to go or I will be late!† My mother replies;†Ok dear have a good day at school, good luck with tryouts and make sure you eat something healthy for lunch.† There I am headed out the door. Wait something is not right, I stand there in the drive for a minute. Ugh, I had forgotten my shoes and my backpack. So I rush upstairs, to the mess I call a room and am frantically looking for these things. I have no luck so I run back downstairs, where my mom is waiting with my shoes and my bag, she laughs a little. â€Å"H oney slow down, you will have plenty of time to get there,† she says. I replied, â€Å"I know mom but it’s the first day and I don’t want to be late, got to go.† Okay I am ready now. Meanwhile, I make my way to school, with class list in hand. As I peer around the corner to see where all my classes are the bell is beginning to ring. â€Å"That’s not good.† I say to myself as I am trying to rush to class without running. There it is room 101, Government. I take my seat at the back thinking that it is going to be good, because we can sit anywhere, and that meant I did not have to sit my any boys. As the class gets started out teacher does his introduction and lets us know what to expect. Class is almost over and I am still enjoying where I am sitting. That is about to change, our teacher says another thing class is that we will have assigned seat so everyone needs to get up. â€Å"O great† I say to myself. As the teacher finally reaches my name I still have some hope that I am going to be placed by no boys. My luck just ran out, not only did I get to sit by a boy but three boys. I had a boy to the right, the left and behind me. I think to mysel f if this is the worst of today then I will be ok. Farther on I have gone through half the day with the other classes just flying by and I have been lucky enough that in my other classes I did not have to sit by any boys that I got to sit with my friends. As much of a busy nerve racking day it has been it is finally lunch time. The cafeteria food is not the best, but if you are starving it’s something right. Today has been a great day, minus the boy thing. I have the perfect outfit on, I wasn’t late and only another 3 hours until volleyball tryouts. Here I am walking out of the lunch line, looking around to find a table, I see some people messing around as they walk up to put their trays up. I step back so that I am not in the way, so much for that. One of the people bumped into me and I spill my drink all down the front of my shirt, in spite of everything I was trying to do to avoid something like this. My friends look to me and ask â€Å"Are you ok, do you have another shirt?† I reply to them,† Ugh yes I am ok, and no I don’t have another shirt!† I try to not get so mad there is only 3 hours left until tryouts and that is what’s going to make my day. Well after lunch I go to my next classes, with a much stained shirt and everyone asking, â€Å"What happened?† I would just say â€Å"I don’t want to talk about it. Furthermore it is the last bell of the day ringing; the clock struck 3:10p.m. School is out, and although I have a stained shirt and had to sit by boys it was still a good day. On the other hand what else could go wrong right? I head to the gym where all the other girls are that are also trying out today. Coach Campbell comes in and tells us,† Girls start your stretches and when you are done you need to run laps.† I look over to the other girls, who are about as interested in the stretches and laps as I am. Here we are down on the floor stretching our bodies until we can’t stretch no more. I think well the hard part is over. Not anywhere near to what I was thinking. Captain of the team says, â€Å"Come on girls we need to get these laps down so we can get to practicing and the tryouts.† I am hesitant but I do it. After a while of running laps we get a little water break and are divided into groups of four. We are divided so that there is someone to set the ball, spike the ball, to practice hits and to practice serves. I am so excited and nervous my hands are all sweaty. It was my groups turn. We did very well with the serves and the hitting. I however am not very good with the setting or the spiking. My coach takes me aside to do individual setting, where you practice setting on the wall. It sounds a little weird right, however it is effective. They also say when you set with your hands to find your window and that you are doing a set properly. I tried and I tried thinking that I did a pretty okay job. Now it was on to spiking. This was not my strong point; I am a little short and never really get much height with the ball. This individual practice does not turn out as well as I had hoped. Presently we all are done with the tryouts, with the group practice and the individual practice. Coach C ampbell comes in the room and tells us,† You all have worked very hard today I appreciate you coming out, Now I am going to call you back one by one and let you know if you made it or not.† Meanwhile I sit here on the cool gym floor waiting patiently, as I watch girl after girl go in that office and come out with a satisfaction of knowing that they have made the team or to see the tears stream down there face as if there world had been crushed. It is almost my turn; I can hardly wait, because I know I just did such a great job. The coach calls me in; I am so nervous, and very quiet. She says to me,† I appreciate you coming today and you did a good job, however you didn’t make the team this year. If you would like you could be the team manager.† My response to this was,† I didn’t make it; I thought I did a really good job, and what does the team manager do?† The coach replies,† Well the team manager carries around the water bottles, fills them, and carries the balls around, would this be something you’re interested in?† I sat there still with a very shocked look on my face. I thought about what she had just said, I wanted to be with the team very badly, yet not as a ball carrier Even though I did not make the team, I did not want to be lowered to someone who get made fun of and everyone knows a ball carrier is someone who had gotten rejected. I did not want what seemed liked the whole world to know that I had been rejected, it’s embarrassing. For all that, I declined her offer, walked with my head bowed out of the gym, through the halls, and to outside. I found a bench there and sat to reflect on what had just happened. I thought to myself, today was suppose to be the best day every, it was the first day for everything. I have never been told that I had not made the team; I don’t understand why I didn’t. Therefore that day was the last day that I had ever tried out for sports, I still have the passion for volleyball and I play with friends when I get a chance, but for high school my sports days were over. I couldn’t handle being rejected, and just being told that I was as good as a ball carrier it seemed. Thereafter that point of rejection I decided to find a different thing, class that I was good in and enjoyed as well. I had found that our school had offered Concert Choir. It was a performance choir and that meant a lot of dedication and work. I was ready for this I believed, I had pulled myself together to not be rejected once more. I walked into my music class for the vocal tryouts, where my teacher had said to the class,† You’re going to need to sight read for your audition.† That is something I had not learned yet, coming from a small school. I had confronted the music teacher Mrs. McWhirter, I was trembling with fear that I would be rejected once agai n. I said to her,† I was never taught how to sight read.† To my surprise she responded, â€Å"That’s okay, just follow my voice.† That was the best thing I remember hearing. She had said it was okay, not that I was not good enough, and she had not rejected me. That was the greatest felling to me that day. I ended up staying in Concert Choir the rest of my high school career. With that one teacher giving me that chance I do not fear rejection as much, I still however work as twice as hard to succeed no matter how small the task. Research Papers on The first dayThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtTrailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Fifth Horseman

All Truth About Worlds Most Powerful Universities

All Truth About Worlds Most Powerful Universities All Truth About Worlds Most Powerful Universities Every person who wants to be successful understands that one of the main preconditions is a good education. It might not always be necessary, because self-education in the era of Internet is of a huge importance, but it surely plays a significant role in everyone’s life. That’s why in the high school we plan to enter one of the most prestigious universities. We dream about studying in Ivy League schools or other elite colleges and order application essays from research paper writing services to get a better chance to enter. We have gathered some interesting information about most powerful universities of the world. Number 1 college in the world since 2003 is Harvard. It is situated in Cambridge, Massachusetts. They are the best in Social Science, Biology, History, Mathematics and History. However, their acceptance rate is only 6%, so you have to work hard in order to study in Harvard. But it’s definitely worth it. They have the biggest number of Nobel winners (151), fortune 500 CEO’s (25) and degrees (31). Among their alumni there are Barack Obama, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and Lloyd Blankfein. The world’s â„â€"1 school in the annual QS world university rankings list 2013 is Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is the best place to study Engineering, Physical Science, Economics, Biology or Linguistics. Their acceptance rate is 8.2% and undergraduate fees are $43,720. Only the best students study at this college, that’s why their total enrollment is not huge – 11,331. And we can never forget about the oldest university in the English-speaking world – University of Oxford. They accept 17.2% of all the applicants and you can study Politics, Economics, Science, Mathematics, Literature and Philosophy. Among their graduates there are David Cameron, Tony Blair, Bill Clinton, Margaret Thatcher, J.R.R. Tolkien and 58 Nobel winners. University of Cambridge is the 3rd oldest university in the world and â„â€"3 in university rankings list 2013. With a total enrollment of 19.938 their acceptance rate is 21% and undergraduate tuition and fees are  £9000. They offer following programs: Mathematics, Science, Humanities Science, Computer Science and Biology. Among their most influential alumni – Isaac Newton, John Milton, Charles Darwin, Francis Bacon, Henry Cavendish and Salman Rushdie. Another university that made a huge contribution to science is University of California. It is also a founder of American Universities Association. 69 of their alumni are Nobel winners and their majors are Science, Literature/Art, Chemistry, Engineering, and Economics. If you want to study ecosystems and ionosphere you should definitely choose the best university in these fields – Stanford University. It is also affiliated with the Hoover Institution. That’s where Larry Page met Sergey Brin and then founded Google, William Hewlett became friends and partners with David Packard, and thanks to the fact that Mike Krieger studied with Kevin Systrom in Stanford University we have Instagram. Another one of the Ivy League schools situated in New Haven, Connecticut, is Yale University. It has a huge influence on American politics. It also offers programs in Arts/Humanities, Science/Medicine, Natural Sciences, Engineering/Technology, Social Science Management. One of the youngest elite universities is the University of Chicago. It’s in the top 10 of the world’s schools since 2004. Since 1890 89 Nobel winners graduated from this university and you have definitely heard about their famous alumni – Kurt Vonnegut Jr., John Ashcroft, Jesse Jackson and John Paul Stevens. The exclusive Ivy League Research institution is Princeton University. It is the 4th oldest and one of the richest schools in the world. Their acceptance rate is only 7.4% with a total enrollment of 8,138. Here you can study Humanities, Natural Sciences and Social Science, like 37 Nobel winners did in their times. But not all of the world’s most powerful universities are situated in the USA and UK. Another great university is ETH Zà ¼rich, Switzerland. It’s the 8th world’s best technology school and the top university in Continental Europe. If you want to study Mathematics, Engineering/Technology or Science and want to study in Europe you should definitely enter this university like Albert Einstein did. As you can see these universities are definitely the most influential ones and play a huge role in science and politics development. For more details and useful data check out the infographic given below.

Porters Views on Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Baroque period - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze one artwork of the Baroque Period, namely, the Judgment of Paris by Jacob Jordaens. This painting uses the medium of oil on canvas. It portrays a scene from Greek and Roman mythology where Zeus selected Paris to judge the most beautiful goddess among Athena, Aphrodite and Hera. Jordaens has portrayed Paris choosing Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess in this painting. This painting was created by Jordaens between 1620 and1625. In order to properly analyze the painting, this painting will be compared with other paintings created in the same era by different artists. The painting of ‘Judgment by Paris’ painted by Jordaens is quite characteristic of the Baroque art period. It takes inspiration from many of the artworks created during that time period and has the same elements of drama, tension and opulence. In terms of the composition, the painting depicts the three nude goddesses in the foreground along with Paris. While there are other figures in the background, Jordaens manages to cast them in the background. He skillfully does this by covering these figures in clothes so that they do not attract the eye in the first instance. He also blurs some of these figures by painting them roughly. Another technique used by Jordaens to create a distinction between the figures in the background and foreground is by casting the figures in the foreground in bright light while those in the background have little light cast upon them. The three goddesses in this way are the most prominently displayed figures as their bodies glow the most and they are shown with curvy bodies. This technique of light and dark in the painting is quite characteristic of Baroque art. This can be observed in many such paintings of the same era such as ‘Midas and Bacchus’ by Nicolas Poussin. Poussin also uses the same technique to bring his main

Political Theory Essay Example for Free

Political Theory Essay Introduction While approaching the writings of major philosophical figures in the 16th century and the 17th century there emerges several weaknesses in addition to their political thought in their time. In his work, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Quentin Skinner’s emphasises the ‘textualist’ approach by the ones writing within the genre of political theory and further claim that they â€Å"rarely supplies us with genuine histories†. 1 Skinner seems to engage in a ‘historical’ approach to the writings of political thought, which goes hand in hand with the social and political context of the period the major works were composed. Indeed, this proves fruitful for this analysis, and therefore it will be provided a narrow historical review of the period the works were written, in order to present the remarkable similarity between the causes of political thought. Accordingly, there will be implemented a comparison of the philosophers, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin, focusing primarily of their concept of the state and the church and the differences between the two models of political thought. In terms of the state, the focus will lie on the citizens and the sovereign rule; in terms of the church, an analysis of its place within the governmental framework will be provided. The primary sources used as a basis for this analysis is the work of Jean Bodin Six Books of the Commonwealth, translated by M. J. Tooley, and Hobbes On the Citizen, edited by Richard Tuck Michael Silverthorne. In grasping the political works of Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin it is important to remember that their perception of the state was born in an age of crisis. As central themes of his political thought Hobbes was concerned with peace, security and order; however, religion was omnipresent throughout his experience of life and through his works. For Hobbes the only valid proposition of a natural religion was that something must have created the world, but who or what is not for certain. 2 Most important he also believed that religious division was a significant factor for the origins of war. The basics of Hobbes theory was to add the will to avoid religious conflict and restore peace into one or a group of biological people that was to further secure the will of the state. Like Hobbes, Bodin was concerned with preserving order and his relation to religion is said to be complex. Although he was less familiar with the New political from his religious thought. ’3 However, entering deeper into the religious life of Bodin it is palpable that he never adhered to one true theological standpoint throughout his lifetime. 4 Another factor of correlation between the two political thinkers is their personal historical background containing the experience of war, which largely contributed as one of their causes for writing. Most known for his work and best-seller, Leviathan, the Englishman Thomas Hobbes was to be acknowledged as an important contribution to the philosophical field in his lifetime and all the way to the 21th century. Hobbes was born in 1588 in Westport raised by his non-wealthy family, fortunately being paid for by his uncle to get an education when the time was right. 5 Entering the field of the enlightened, Hobbes at an age of 54 later produced his first claim to fame, De Cive (On the Citizen), published in Latin edition in 1642 which is characterised as one of the forerunners to his major work Leviathan. Here, it is important reconsider what is omnipresent throughout both, De Cive and Leviathan, namely fear: in order to understand his political thought. Some tend to regard Hobbes as a synonym to the concept of fear even though this impossibly cannot be so, however it does not reject King’s argument that Hobbes had experienced disorder in society and therefore feared political chaos. 6 England during the 17th century can in be referred to as a period of transformation both in terms of politics and religion. Historically, throughout Hobbes lifetime (1588 – 1679) the political circumstances in the years of 1642 to 1651 prove to stand out painted in the colour of red. The Reformation left deep traces and was not yet to relinquish as its religious struggles was to turn into a fight of power between the King and the Parliament. 7 The English Civil war provided an environment such as extreme disorder and civil insecurity to be explanatory for the horrors it brought the 6? 78? 9 # $? *: )? : ;0?. / 1 1? ! / 1? =? ? :?! ( 4 ?!! /? $ @ ( 5 JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES,? ? = ? 1? *9/? ;6-. A=? B ;- HTTP://WWW. JSTOR. ORG/STABLE/3745504 0 , $ *3 @ 3 9 )? +? 2 ;A1. / =0 A? 8? ? 9? C D7 @ % $E $ * F;0.? //? F B -1 G/? HH222I H! H 6;0-6 3 13 Political Theory country8. In a chaotic England, Hobbes had to face his own opponents after he had written the first outline of the philosophy of the state, Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, which created an unstable environment for him to live. Indeed, adversity was for Hobbes the reason he decided to flee and choose the life in exile crossing the national boarders to France. 9 When the Civil War was over, he returned home to the end of his life, still absorbed in scientific activity. A lesser-known philosopher yet one of the most ambitious and prolific French scholars, Jean Bodin, was born in 1529 or 30 in the French area of Angers. Although living in separate time periods Bodin is born three years after Machiavelli’s death (1469 – 1527) and died when Thomas Hobbes was eight years of age and therefore spans precisely between these two. 10 Throughout his lifetime he was, in resemblance to Hobbes, to experience war that provoked his political thinking which prospered into what was to be known as The Six Books of the Commonwealth (1955). Bodin was an admirable scholar and by the time he had to face his mortal destiny he made contributions to the area of science stretching from historiography to political economy. 11 Noticeable that he was among the more enlightened characters of his time, Bodin went to Paris in his youth for educational matters studying humanities. Further curious about the juridical nature of society he went to study civil law until the 1560s, and after he turned to a political career becoming a king’s advocate in Paris. A decade later he became a counsellor of the Duke of Alencon which secured him a seat at the table of the royal family, which ceased before 1576. He then further joined the Catholic League (sometimes referred to as the Holy League) which played a major part in the French Wars of Religion (1562–98) eradicating the Protestants also called the Huguenots. 12 Primarily, The Wars involved the Catholic crown attempting to impose religious uniformity upon the large F? What further divided the citizens in contemporary France was their support for various versions of the Christian faith that created a warfare of self-righteousness, which for Bodin, was an erroneous societal condition. What Bodin’s beliefs could be said to represent at the time is further dubiously, but as Summerfield argues, Bodin might have believed that â€Å"Catholicism was the best ‘civil religion’ for his countrymen†. 13 Further, Bodin supported religious diversity in that Catholics should have the opportunity to embrace their faith just the Huguenots without having intolerance towards each other. By offering a narrow description of the historical period relevant to both Hobbes and Bodin and further suggest a biographical outlook of both philosophers, the main focus have been on the facts of importance for further analysis. Main section As discussed to some extent in Bodin’s case, it is applicable to both philosophers that they were living in a time where religion was inseparable from their political thinking. Today it may seem strange that politics of much importance was molded around religious beliefs, because we live in a time where each person is free to decide what to believe and which religion to adhere to. During the period of discussion, the church and the state had too many common interests that a division between them seemed unthinkable. For Bodin, his thought behind his Republic was the hope to restore the splendour and serve the interest of the French Monarchy, which functioned as a cornerstone in his description of the commonwealth. 14 In accordance to Hobbes, much like in the case of Bodin, his impetus of his work De Cive lie primarily in providing a solution to the religious moral conflict prevailing in 16th, 17th century England. Bodin and the family In this section, the discussion will point to Jean Bodin’s concept of the state at a micro level. In Book I, chapter I of the Republic the first sentence acknowledge what Bodin understands to be the nature of the Commonwealth, namely its internal structure being organised around the ?6? ! F1 ?1? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A. / ## 5 13 Political Theory concept of the family (or household), ruled by a sovereign power. 15 The main premise behind. Bodin’s concept of the family has its origins from the alteration of legislation in contemporary France creating a decrease of the â€Å"paternal authority† resulting in a â€Å"decay of family discipline†. 16 For Bodin this was not the ideal familial situation. In Rebublic, the household is portrayed as the essential unit of political organisation within the state and possess the same bilateral structure that there is to find in his ordering of the Commonwealth. Principally, the family consist of a man, which have the centralised authority within the household, a wife and children with the possibility for additional members like freedmen and slaves. 17 To illustrate; the authority of the father extends to a decision of life and death over his children; however, it is not as clear to why he should have this right. For Bodin, the family is vital for preserving the organization within the Commonwealth, he even describe its function using terms as â€Å"true image† of the Commonwealth and â€Å"model of right order† when writing of the household in the Commonwealth. 18 According to Bodin, the father like the sovereign, hold the absolute power within their sphere of influence: the father over the family, the sovereign over the families within the state. He was also convinced that, â€Å"Il est impossible que la Republique vaille rien si les familles, qui sont les piliers d’icelle, sont mal fondees† (husk a kildefore sitater), which reveals Bodin’s obsession with order in that the commonwealth cannot be totally organized if it is not rightly constituted and thus not performing its proper function: this can also be related to the sovereign in that his guidance is useless if he cannot unite all of his members. 19 For Bodin the family is an irreducible unit of the state, for Hobbes the matter is of a different character. Hobbes and the individual The foregoing discussion support the underlying argument in favour of the plurality needed to form the family into a harmonious and organized entity which Bodin find crucial for the ?=? ! / ?0? 78? 9 # $? *: )? : ;0?.? / 1-; ?A? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A.? / A? ?F? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A. / 0 MA ?;? 78? 9 # $? *: )? : ;0?. / 1-; 6 13 Political Theory establishment of the state, according to Hobbes there is no compelling reason to argue that such is the case. In De Cive, the family is not given a pivotal place rather he pursue a more individualistic approach in accordance to Bodin’s idea of the family. However, Hobbes thoughts of the family depends much upon the entity being in an external or internal position relative to the commonwealth and if the family is being ruled by a foreign power or not. 20 As. King argues, Hobbes is in a lesser degree concerned with the family’s position within the Commonwealth, in any case it is the process that one is being born as individuals connected to others by force and fear, or for Bodin which emphasise individuals being born into families, that is the central feature. 21 In addition, they differ in that Bodin think of the ascendancy of the sovereign as originated solely coming from the families but for Hobbes it is originated from individuals as a whole. The literature gathered in this study suggests that both Hobbes and Bodin agrees that the state must exist in order to prevent war. The Hobbesian view of the state is founded in his definition of the natural state. The state of nature is for Hobbes a state of anarchy, where egocentric individuals fight for their right of self-preservation creating chaotic circumstances and where mutual fear is their leading motivation. Hobbes believed that the mankind maintain a will of doing harm to others, and that this derives from the need to defend their own property and liberty against others in a state of anarchistic rule. The moral dilemma that occur in the state of nature has for Hobbes only one escape route, and that is the presence of a sovereign power, either in singular or plural form chosen by the objective will of the people due to pull them out societal chaos and secure for them peace and order. Indeed, for Hobbes the sovereign is of crucial importance: â€Å"For if this power is abolished, the commonwealth is abolished with it, and universial confusion returns. †22 For Bodin the goal of peace and order is much in line with Hobbes’ but it does not involve a social contract as such but it thus involve a conception of fear. In Book 4, ch. 1 he describes ?- ?!! ! # $ ?!! % ? (? ) *+ , ! + $ . / -A? M 1 , $ *3 @ 3 9 )? +? 2 ;A1. / F1 ?!! ! # $ ?!! % ? (? ) *+ , ! + $ . / F? 7 13 Political Theory the rise and fall of the commonwealth where he acknowledges that â€Å"the commonwealth can be founded either in violence or in consent. †23 As much as this resembles Hobbes in that disorder is the catalyst for the development state, Allen provide us with a more applicable explanation. He argues that since the interdependent relationship between the sovereign and the state is present, the realization of the sovereign may be impelled by fear, which therefore result in a state being established by force. 24 On the other side, what seem to resemble the two is the necessity of a sovereign to guide the people. On these grounds, it is clear that Hobbes and Bodin follow a hierarchical structure in terms of the relationship between the superior and the inferior and that â€Å"command and obedience† is the central feature. On one side the similarity between them lie in their use of fear and consent as essential factors for the rising of the Commonwealth. Here, Professor Dunning offers an interesting claim placing emphasis on the contract idea that Hobbes present. He suggest that in contemporary France the social contract was for Bodin more a weapon of his opponents, which in its turn inclined him to focus on the state as a model evolving out of the inherent characteristics of the man and his surroundings. 25 On the other side the philosophers tend to differ in that Bodin support the idea that the sovereign should rule over the families and Hobbes believed in the individualistic characterisation of the social contract. Moreover, who are the ones (person or group) that should rule over the families featuring Bodin and the individual’s characteristic of Hobbes? The sovereign To portray the issue of the nature of sovereignty, Hobbes like Bodin believed, that in order to prevent war absolute power placed in single or plural entity was necessary. Within the sphere of political theory, The Republic could be said to contain the first fully developed theory of sovereignty, however one could argue that Marsiglio of Padua was the one close enough to find all the elements of the subject but where there occurred gaps, Bodin was to fulfil these perfectly. 26 In case of his descendant, it would be absurd to assert that Hobbes followed his forerunner slavishly. ?6? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A.? / -; ?1? 78? 9 # $? *: )? : ;0?.? / 1 ?=? 8? ? 9? C D7 @ % $E $ * F;0. //? F B -1 G/? HH222I H! H 6;0-6 8 13 Political Theory Bodin’s theory of a â€Å"commonwealth is normally taken as the starting point of modern times† and this because of its clear composed nature of the rights and power of the sovereign. 27 His definition of sovereignty in the Republic was written as an entity holding â€Å"absolute and perpetual power vested in a commonwealth†. 28 Here the power is not only absolute, but perpetual at the same time, nonetheless he is careful not to use this definition outside its theoretical field of use, he further states; â€Å"For if one confines to that which has no termination whatever, then sovereignty cannot subsist save in aristocracies and popular states, which never die. †29 The central point here is that Bodin agrees to an unlimited and despotic government but without taking the concept of perpetuity too far. His theory of sovereignty is based on the nature of absolutism and it is clear that he was a champion of monarchic absolutism and preferred that it should be invested in a single prince; whereas Hobbes share his concern but differ in that he was inclined to apply this to a collective group of people. For Hobbes the King and commonwealth is intertwined, in that one cannot talk about the one of them from the other. He comprehend the sovereign as withholding the will of the citizens consisting of absolute power; â€Å"the greatest power that men can confer, greater than any power than an individual power can have over himself. †30 In accordance to the legislation within the Commonwealth both Hobbes’ and Bodin’s sovereign is able to make his own laws, which also extended to the fact that he is not subject to it. For Hobbes the thought of the King to be subject to the Commonwealth and law would be irrational, the Sovereign is the embodiment of the Commonwealth. The sovereign is therefore not bound by obligations towards his citizens and if the sovereign is to act immoral, that is a matter between himself and God. As it has been important to discuss citizens role within the state and their relationship to the sovereign making it easier to fully understand the means of absolute power, it is also ?0? 7+:? 2 7 @ N O: $N POLI? CAL STUDIES 0 //? -0M ?A? 7? : ( $? ) $ *L? 2? P ( @ )? / $ ;.? / A ?F? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A.? / =? ?;? ! / 0 6- ?!! ! # $ ?!! % ? (? ) *+ , ! + $ .? / F? 9 13 Political Theory important to take this with us when we shall now discuss the church and how the state is related to it. The church An interesting question arise when one should determine, in a time where religion was almost too present, where the authority of the church lay within the spheres of the absolute rule. Religious upheaval in France and England in the 16th, 17th century had its origins from the breakup of the mediaeval church that destroyed the framework of older forms of political thinking. As long as there was a universally recognized Church the possibility to practice a unilateral faith was possible, but to place this authority under the prince may have been an impracticable demand. When there later came a time of religious uncertainty and the development of a new faith, people was faced with the opportunity to choose which in its turn lead to confusion. The hierarchy of the Catholic church and the Church of England and France had both claimed that their authority comes directly from God and that they was set out to practice the faith of the nation: as a rebuttal to this point, it might be argued that the political thought of both Bodin and Hobbes was not to find a fertile ground in this statement. Chapter XVII of De Cive constitutes the argument of the relationship between the sovereign and the Church stating that any authority given from God has its place within the sphere of sovereign power. For Hobbes absolute ecclesiastical power was vested in the sovereign, which included the right to interpret the Holy Scriptures. 31 One could argue that Hobbes needed an absolute sovereign as the solution to the problem of war: if the sovereign had the absolute authority of the Church and over the citizens, war would have been unproductive because no one can challenge the ruler, achieve results and further depose him. If the church would go against the sovereign it would go against the religious power of the state which would seem illogical, and in case of the citizens they do not have any authority to bring down the King because he is appointed upon a social contract representing the will of the people. On logical grounds there seem a compelling reason to argue that the law of God has a fundamental place within the political thought of Bodin. He does not tend enlarge upon the place of religion within the sphere of politics within the Republic in contrast to Hobbes who 6 ! / ;; 10 13 Political Theory has a whole section devoted to the concept of religion, however it is clear that he never meant that the state was forced to establish a form of religious and demand conformity to it. 32 Rather he meant that the state must create the soil from with religion could grow, therefore it is safe to say that the Church had a place within the state and that with this it followed religious duties. Hobbes had a different view on the ecclesiastical power of the state than Bodin; â€Å"the Commonwealth and the Church (are) of the same Christian men† and â€Å"exactly the same thing under two names. †33 Further Hobbes says that this synonymity rest upon the common feature between the two, the Christian people, and that the two instances is the only one to gather them. Personally, Hobbes was an erastian; he believed that the state should rule the Church. For Bodin. Religion created obedience that form the basis of his version of the commonwealth. The sovereign is the voice of the Church, but his determination of practicing the religious faith is relative and rest upon his will to make it flourish or not. Indeed, in the Rebublic the word of the sovereign â€Å"should be as sacred as a divine pronouncement. † 34 Conclusion Throughout this analysis the attempt to create a fertile discussion of the nature of the state and its place in relation to the church have been central, which have been built upon the effort to create a narrow historical review in the wide field of history. There have also been provided an discussion of the similarities and differences between Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin within the selected themes of this assignment. What is clear is that one cannot simply divide 6? 7 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A.? / ## 66 ?!! ! # $ ?!! % ? (? ) *+ , ! + $ .? / 617 @ #? @ ( 2 7 $? *3 @ @ @ (2 )? G : ;0A.? / 6-? 11 13 Political Theory politics from religion in a time where they were inseparable, like one cannot divide Bodin’s idea of the family and Hobbes’ concept of the individual without removing the cornerstone of their theories. Both philosophers tried to provide the best solution to their contemporary struggles in France and England, and in case of their theory of absolute sovereignty it can be said their impetus was to lead the way out of the labyrinth of war with peace as their rewarding result. Both theories have portrayed a hierarchy of power, where God has the solemn authority and the earthly sovereign is positioned as subject to him but holds the right to interpreter of the faith of the state making him more or less the mouthpiece of God. Built upon this statement the Church has a duty within the state: it is just reliant on the degree of initiative practised by the sovereign in Bodin case and for Hobbes it is more a matter absolute affiliation to the religious role that the sovereign holds. To conclude, even though Bodin and Hobbes had different starting points, went by different routes they more or less reached the same goal placing the political and religious within the hands of the absolute sovereign List of references Allen, J. W. Political Thought of the Sixteenth Century. London: Methuen Co Ltd, 1961.Franklin, Julian, H. International Library of Essays in the History of Social and Political Thought: Jean Bodin. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2006 12 13 Political Theory King, Preston. The ideology of order. Great Britain: George Allen Unwin, 1974 Laski, Harold J. The Foundation of Sovereignty and other writings. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921 Lewis, J. U. , â€Å"Jean Bodin’s ‘Logic of Sovereignty’†, Political Studies 16 (1968): pp. 206 – 222 Lubienski. Z. â€Å"Hobbes Philosophy and Its Historical Background†, Journal of Philosophical Studies vol. 5, no. 4 (Apr.1930): 175 – 190, http://www. jstor. org/stable/3745504 Skinner, Quentin. The Foundations of Modern Political Thought: Volume 1, The Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002 Summerfield, Baldwin, Jean Bodin and the League, The Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jul. , 1937), pp. 160-184 Tooley, M. J, trans. Jean Bodin: Six Books of the Commonwealth. Great Britain: Basil Blackwell Mott, Ltd, 1967 Tuck, Richard Silverthorne, Michael, ed. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought: Thomas Hobbes On the Citizen. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2000 ?

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Though the definition of feasibility studies varies in every source, most of its defining characteristics can be found in Blanchard’s System Engineering and Analysis textbook [1]. The general goal of a feasibility study is to evaluate whether the proposed system concept is designed within the cost, schedule, and technical risk constraints that can work for the stakeholders needs. The feasibility study’s second function is to illustrate the possibility of acquiring potential solutions [2]. The third goal of feasibility is to draw out quantitative or semi-quantitative assessments, and finally, it identifies alternative technological approaches [1]. Feasibility studies may include exploration of alternative conceptual designs, operational functions, system components, and technology choices, in case the system’s components and concepts were indistinct; and its immediate consequences may include risk analysis of requirements [2]. The study is vital in the overall pro cess on team communication and initial evaluation should be done during the conceptual design process. Following the exampl...

Aristotle On Plot Essay

In his Poetics, Aristotle considered plot (mythos) the most important element of drama–more important than character, for example. A plot must have, Aristotle says, a beginning, middle, and an end, and the events of the plot must causally relate to one another as being either necessary or probable. Character: A character is a person in a narrative work of arts (such as a novel, play, or film). Derived from the ancient Greek word, particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves â€Å"the illusion of being a human person.† The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work Setting: In works of narrative (especially fictional), the setting includes the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. Setting has been referred to as story world or milieu to include a context (especially society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction. Dialogue: The conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. A dialogue occurs in most works of literature. Dialogue is a literary and theatrical form consisting of a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more (â€Å"dia† means through or across) people. Its chief historical origins as narrative, philosophical or didactic device are to be found in classical Greek and Indian literature, in particular in the ancient art of rhetoric. Flashback: Flashback is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point the story has reached. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story’s primary sequence of events or to fill in crucial back-story. In the opposite direction, a flash forward (or prolepsis) reveals events that will occur in the future. The method is used to create suspense in a story, develop a character or structuring the narration. In literature, internal analepsis is a flashback to an earlier point in the narrative; external analepsis is a flashback to before the narrative started. In movies and television, several camera techniques and special effects have evolved to alert the viewer that the action shown is from the past; for example, the edges of the picture may be deliberately blurred, photography may be jarring or choppy, or unusual coloration or sepia tone, or monochrome when most of the story is in full color.

Proctor and Gamble Business Plan

Subject: Entrepreneurship Company name: Proctor & Gamble Team name: TBA Sources: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=PG, http://subscriber. hoovers. com/H/company360/history. html? companyId=11211000000000, www. pg. com, http://blog. marketingdoctor. tv/2008/06/06/dr-tantillos-30second-how-to. aspx Weekly stock prices: 2/4 Mon 75. 26 2/5 Tue 75. 70 1 – Who founded your company? Where? When? Why did the person start the company? What was the original product?What are the products or services your company offers today? William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker, founded the company called The Procter & Gamble Company, also known as P&G, on October 31, 1837. They merged their own small businesses and initially settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Alexander Norris, their father- in- law, persuaded them to be a business partner to each other. Therefore, they created the company and during the American Civil War, they provided the Union Army with soaps and candles. In 1880s, they marketed a new soap, called Ivory, and since then, they have extended their businesses. Today they operate in 6 sections: Beauty, Grooming, Health Care, Fabric Care and Home Care, Snacks & Pet Care segment and Baby Care and Family Care. They have Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, SK-II, Wella, Braun, Fusion, Gillette, Mach3, Ace, Febreze and Downy brand names and so on. 2- What was the original form of ownership? Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, or Corporation?Has the company changed its form of ownership over the years? Why did it change? It was originally a company based on partnership. However, William Arnett Procter, William Procter's grandson introduced the profit sharing program in 1887 by giving workers shares in the company to prevent strike. 3 – Was the founder of your company an Entrepreneur? Justify your answer. The founders of P;G are deserved to be defined as Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneur itself eans that someone who is adventurous businessman strugg ling to make business more profitable, creates new things and likes to challenge. These aspects are also shown in William Procter and James Gamble. They were not satisfied with their position, instead expanded their businesses, took over other companies running a risk and prospered through the technology switchover. 4 – When your company was founded was it local, regional, national, international, or multinational?What is your company today? Justify your answer It was totally local. At first it just provided the North Army with soaps and candles, but after the American Civil War, they got fame from soldiers all over the world and established another corporation in New Castle, England in 1930. Since then, it has enlarged their field of business all around the world and nowadays it has been regarded as multinational company because of their marketing strategies and the background of faculties.

Gladwell and Gopnik Essays

Gladwell and Gopnik Essays Gladwell and Gopnik Essay Gladwell and Gopnik Essay With America’s history of people fighting for their rights, we have become accustomed to the idea that activism needs to be extreme; to cause riots, have aggression, and for people to be put in jail to make a point. We have created an image that there needs to be a fierce willingness to fight, in order for activism to be effective. As Malcolm Gladwell describes in â€Å"Why the Revolution Should not be Tweeted†, he reminds us of what ‘real’ activism is and how other generations have risked their lives to make a difference, in both their lives and the future of America. He does not think that activists can be considered true activists if they are non-violent when protesting for their rights. However, Gladwell should consider that protesting is a process that doesn’t start off as being violent and aggressive. The first stages of a successful protest involve acknowledging the problem. In the other text, â€Å"Bumping into Mr. Ravioli†, Adam Gopnik claims that technology pushes people apart because of a busy-ness affect that it creates. What he does not realize is that he used technology as a resource to help him become a more understanding father. After recognizing a problem with his daughter and her imaginary friend, he reaches out to his sister, a developmental psychologist, through phone calls and emails. While it does keep us too busy sometimes, social media has benefits to it. It is a tool that can be used to exchange information, teach its users, and continually raise awareness. Once our generation is able to realize the benefits of social media and use it to its advantage while minimizing its cons, it can prove to Gladwell that tweeting, or Facebook-ing isn’t useless. : It is a tool that has the potential to bring activism to another level. The idea that social media has a weak tie to activism should be reconsidered since social media was created to bring their users together. One person cannot work alone with any big task. For example, Gopnik, who willingly gave himself the task to understand why his daughters imaginary friend always left her. He realized that he needed help, and his sister, a developmental psychologist seemed to be the best person to answer his questions. â€Å"I emailed my sister for help with the Ravioli issue-how concerned should we be? and she sent me back an email, along with an attachment, and, after several failed cell phone connections, we at last spoke on a land line. (Gopnik 154)† Here Gopnik reached out for a helping hand; in return through the use technology, he was able to get in contact with his sister and was able to get information from her from California to New York. Through email and telephone they were a ble to talk to one another from across the country. Their conversation is significant enough to prove that through the easy access of a telephone Gopnik and his sister were able to eventually reach a conclusion to what the problem was. If he had not reached to his sister, who was not only family but a professional it would have taken him longer to answer his own question himself. He would have to research for this information manually, either through the internet or even the library. The Facebook and Twitter features also have similar features as phone calls and emails in which they are able to send messages quickly but it’s greatest feature is that it is able to access a larger group than just one person. The reason is because Facebook and Twitter are made public to its users to network and become more familiar with our acquaintances. The sociologist Mark Granovetter has observed and stated that â€Å"Our acquaintances- not our friends- are our greatest source of new ideas and information (Gladwell 137). † The more acquaintance’s we get means the more people to help give new ideas, opinions and even observations about†¦anything really. Even though Gopnik’s sister was a family member, Granovetter would agree that through their electronic communication they were able to collaborate on one idea. Not only was Gopniks sister a professional, but she was also someone who wasnt a part of the New York lifestyle, which is why she was able to catch onto why Mr. Ravioli, the imaginary friend, was always on a run. She could observe from afar. In order for activism to be strong, it needs more than one person and one idea. The more people or acquaintance’s that are reached, the stronger the support system is. In order to have an even stronger system we need our supporters to understand and believe in the action that is being protested. Social media is capable with not only getting in contact with other people but it allows you to grab those people’s attentions in many different ways. These followers need to be convinced and taught about the different options that they can be given. Many people follow trends, and with social media being a big part of the trend it makes it easier to have an audience. It is easy for people to invite people to a group, or event on Facebook or even having a following of tweeters on Twitter because people are able to add descriptions. In this descriptions majority of people who are protesting are able to write who they are, what the problem is, give ideas of solutions to the problem and overall a way to convince their readers to press ‘Like’, ‘re-tweet’, ‘Follow’ or ‘Attend’. With their explanation they can create a bandwagon of supporters and build a strong willed support system. Gladwell used the example of the Bhatia needing a bone-marrow transplant. Even though people helped by signing up for a donor registry and sending in a cotton swab to a hospital, he still believed that â€Å"it doesn’t involve financial or personal risk (Gladwell 138)†. Once we are able to read between the lines, then we are able to realize that even though there was no real action being made thousands of people became more aware of why people needed bone-marrow transplants, or even how to help to donate to the cause. This is where social media is a key to gaining supporters. The more people that are exposed to a cause then the more people get involved or are willing to help it out. Going back to Gopnik, if he hadn’t asked his sister for help he wouldn’t have realized the reason for his daughter’s sadness. She stated â€Å"No,† she said. â€Å"I’m sure that doesn’t occur anywhere in the research literature. That sounds completely New York (Gopnik 155)† His sister made an observation, Olivia was influenced by her surroundings especially the New York aspect of it. Gopnik reached out to his sister for help, and in return he not only received help but he got in return even more than he expected. His sister taught him about the impact of the New York lifestyle. Even though his article does not tell his readers how he actually solved the problem, he is now more aware of his daughter then he ever was before. People are capable of teaching others, and even though the cry for a matching bone marrow was to benefit one person it’s story and what it taught its readers is capable to benefit many others. The efficiency of social media and it’s networking gives people more time to consider new ways to help its people. With the help of Facebook’s groups and Twitter’s hash tags it is easy to donate to a cause with just a click of a button. â€Å"The Facebook page of the Save Darfur Coalition has 1,282,339 members who have donated an average of nine cents apiece. (Gladwell 138)†That means that the Save Darfur Coalition group alone was able to raise $115,410. 51 which could have been used to buy food, fresh water, forms of shelter and clothing for the people in Darfur that were suffering. Using this Facebook group in particular, people weren’t even familiar with the group leader or all of the people invited, were able to donate their small gifts and raised more than enough money for one group. Many causes or activist’s, especially similar one to these, are not able to do much without money or donations from other people. This is why many organizations look to fundraising since many things come with a price. Gopnik’s realization about his daughter’s imaginary friend is an important story to many people, especially his fellow New York families. Through his use of observation, story and research he wrote the article â€Å"Bumping into Mr. Ravioli† which has reached even the internet. Even though he did not explain how he solved the situation, nor did he raise any money he was able to use his strength that thousands of people have read online. If we were to research this article we can find it attached or posted on peoples Tumblr, Xanga’s, Facebook notes and more. Gopnik’s way of helping people was to expose our population the effects of the everyday lifestyle and the children who feel neglected. Olivia still hopes to have him(Mr. Ravioli) to herself someday (Gopnik 160). † Gopnik’s parting words leaves hope for his readers, and that there is a solution to the problem. The reason for these small gestures, whether its raising money or just telling a story is to give hope to its people, the followers and the suffer-ers. There are many ways that social media can benefit in this hope, people just need to be creative. Our generation spends a lot of time on different types of social media’s, and with that knowledge people should take advantage of the trend that is going on. Once people understand that there is more to Facebook and Twitter than just being able to be in contact with friend’s lives then there is a possibility that activism can have a stronger support system then ever before. There are many resources that allow people to be a part of something without giving much effort and even though Gladwell doesn’t believe that this is a form of activism, it is only a small step for our generation. He even expresses that social media has its perks a few times in his own argument that social media shouldn’t be used in a revolution so he too hints that there is potential. There are other ways of using social media as a part of being an activist; people just need to be a part of it. There is much potential in it, with the use of networking, informing and raising money for the cause. Gopnik may not fully support technology because it is a barrier with relationships, through technology he was able to make an opportunity to create a relationship with his own daughter, Olivia. We just need to take a step forward, think outside the box and become more useful to the cause rather than just sitting and clicking away.

Places Named After Old Country Geographic Locations

Places Named After Old Country Geographic Locations What is the geographic connection between the province Nova Scotia in Canada and French New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean? The connection is actually in their names. Have you ever wondered why in many of the worlds centers of immigration like the United States, Canada, and Australia there are plenty of settlements with names like New Denmark, New Sweden, New Norway, New Germany, etc.? Even one of the Australian states is named New South Wales. These many new geographical places - New York, New England, New Jersey and many others in the New World are actually named after the original ones in the Old World. After the discovery of the Americas a necessity for new names appeared. The blank map needed to be filled in. Very often the new places were named after European geographical locations by just adding new to the original name. There are possible explanations for this choice a desire for commemoration, a feeling of homesickness, for political reasons, or due to the presence of physical similarities. It often turns out that the namesakes are more famous than the original ones, yet there a few new places that have disappeared in history. Famous "New Places New York, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico are the four new states in the United States. New York City, which gave the name to the state, has an interesting story. The English city of York is the father of its more famous new version. Before becoming part of the British North American colonies, New York was the capital of the colony known as New Netherland and bore the thematic name New Amsterdam. The small county Hampshire in the south of England gave its name to New Hampshire, in New England. The British crown dependency Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, is the original of New Jersey. Only in the case of New Mexico, there is no transatlantic connection. Its name has an easily explained origin related to the history of the U.S. and Mexico relations. There is also the case of New Orleans, the largest city in Louisiana, which historically has French origins. Being part of New France (present-day Louisiana) the city was named after an important man - the Duke of Orleans, Orleans is a city in the Loire valley in Central France. Famous Old Places Speaking of Spain, we have to mention the idea of New Spain, another example of a former overseas territory named after a country. New Spain consisted of the present-day Central American countries, some Caribbean islands and southwestern parts of the U.S. Its existence lasted exactly 300 years. Officially, it was established immediately after the collapse of the Aztec Empire in 1521 and ended with Mexicos independence in 1821. Other "Old" and "New" Connections The Romans labeled Scotland as Caledonia so the present French New Caledonia island in the Pacific is the new version of Scotland. New Britain and New Ireland are islands in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. The name New Guinea itself is chosen because of the natural similarities between the island and the Guinea region in Africa. The outdated British colonial name of the Pacific nation Vanuatu is New Hebrides. The old Hebrides are an archipelago off the west coast of Great Britain. Zealand is the largest Danish island on which the capital city Copenhagen is located. However, the country of New Zealand is definitely a more famous place than the European original. New Granada (1717-1819) was a Spanish viceroyalty in Latin America encompassing the territories of modern-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. Granada is a city and an important historical place in Andalusia, Spain. New Holland was Australias name for almost two centuries. The name was suggested by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman in 1644. Holland is presently part of the Netherlands. New Australia is a utopian settlement established in Paraguay by Australian socialists at the end of the nineteenth century.

Quality Assurance Manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quality Assurance Manager - Research Paper Example Quality Assurance Manager Unilever Company is a multinational company that deals in the production of different products ranging from beverages, food and cosmetics. Quality assurance is the assurance that the customer will continue to be supplied with high quality products and services. Vision â€Å"To be the foremost consumer product company in the global perspective specializing in care, food and dental.† Mission â€Å"Working to create better future by inspiring people to take small actions with the aim of making people look good, feel good and make them satisfied with the brands that are good for them while reducing the environmental impact.† My general responsibility as a quality assurance, manager would be to head the quality assurance department and ensure that all the quality standards for all products and services are met. In particular, I would be responsible for the monitoring of the production process and methods, safety, quality and risks that are associated with different products and services to ensure that there is prior planning to manage them. I would be responsible for the quality assurance of products beginning from the raw materials, intermediate products, final products as well as packaging materials and distributions to ensure that quality standards are adhered to at all levels in the supply chain. It would also be my duty to ensure that the quality management systems conform to the best practices, procedures and standards with regard to the maintaining and assuring quality. Relations between the company and the customers with respect to quality of products and services will be based in my department and hence I would be responsible for the assurance that the correct quality tools, procedures and methodologies are applied with regard to best practices to ensure that quality is delivered to the customers. Research and development with regard to the development of new products that meet customers’ expectations and requirements will be part of my department responsibilities. My department will therefore be responsible for the research, study, evaluations and the implementation of quality assurance practices with regard to the compliance to the company’s best practices. In the cases where the systems and process exhibit deviation and out of control in terms of quality, my department would be responsible for the initiation and the implementation of corrective measures to ensure that quality control is assured. Lastly I would also be responsible for ensure that quality does not only conform to the customer’s requirements and expectations but also to the state laws and regulatory authorities’ standards. Quality assurance and control in an organization is therefore a challenging position that requires accurate analysis and implementation of policies. Strategic planning would be very important in success in the duty as a quality assurance manager. In this regard, preventive measures would be my first priority . As observed by Chapman (1999), preventive actions are vital in the reduction of the unnecessary costs of quality. Cost of quality are the expenses incurred while ensuring that the products and services meet the required quality standards. Preventive measures are those measures that ensure that the quality of the raw materials at its production stage is controlled. This results into the

Review of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of A Worn Path by Eudora Welty - Essay Example Subsequent to that, she begins to consider it a ghost. Later, she concludes that it was a scare crow. After moving from there, she goes to the ravine and she drinks water. While meditating, a big black dog attacks her. Interestingly, that big black dog does not further chase Phoenix as soon as she throws a cane at the dog. Subsequently, a white man appears with a chained dog. He talks to her. And, at some point of time, she becomes so courageous to face the threat of a pointed gun raised by the white man. In the later part of story, she comes to meet her grandson. This entire story does not depict a reality. Had she wanted to meet her grandson, what caused her to go to hill, go to the field of dead corn, and the ravine? At some point, she becomes so bold to push away an attacking dog! Works cited Welty, Eudora, â€Å"A Worn Path†, New York Times, 1941, Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/41feb/wornpath.htm [accessed on 20 July, 2011]

Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution Case Study

Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution - Case Study Example The main effect, in this case, is climate change and global warming. This paper explores global warming with the focus on explaining some of the causes of global warming alongside the recent changes in climate recorded on the surface of the earth. Â  The term climate change can sometimes be used to refer to the climatic changes that are brought about due to human activities, rather than those climatic changes that are brought about as part of the natural processes of the earth. These terms have become quite a relevance as far as the environmental policy, and the global warming anthropogenic are concerned. Global warming, in this case, represents the increases in temperature and climate change and deals with global warming, and other aspects including the levels of the greenhouse effect. Â  Arguably, the rate in which energy is received from the sun and the loss rate to space determine a great deal both the climate of the earth and the equilibrium temperature (Bachelet & Lenihan, 2001). As research would have it, the energy is transferred all over the globe by use of ocean current, winds, and other different mechanisms which may affect the climate of other regions. It is worth noting that there are a number of factors that may lead to climate change. Key among them include solar radiation, variation, and orbit of the earth, continental drift, and the greenhouse gas changes concentration. Different climatic alterations in climatic feedbacks can either diminish or amplify the forces that initially. Other parts of the system of climate such as ice caps, an ocean. Within the climate variation context, human factors that are deemed to be affecting the climate are the anthropogenic factors. According to the scientific consensus concerning climate change, the climate is al ways changing and the changes are largely due to human activities.